Image by Enokson used under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
Criticism is the low point of many storytelling careers. It crushes our dreams and makes us feel like our darling creations have been torn apart. But no matter how much we dislike criticism, we need it more. How can we benefit from something that cuts us so deep?
Why Criticism Is Essential
Criticism is the act of analyzing something and looking for its flaws. Whether it’s casual and friendly feedback or a blistering public rebuke, criticism is designed to highlight problems.
And that’s why we will always need it. Storytellers are usually ignorant of the problems in our own work, and so without criticism, we cannot fix them. That’s true both on a craft level – we cannot fix a plot hole if we don’t know it exists – and on a societal level – we cannot stop bigotry if we refuse to acknowledge it. Because stories are a central part of our culture, storytellers need criticism to improve our works and to be responsible purveyors of culture.
When we feel under fire, it’s easy to forget the consequences of dismissing criticism, but those consequences can be steep. Many storytellers dream of supporting themselves with their work, but without using criticism to improve, we may never develop the skills that make that possible. And if we don’t push back against stories that perpetuate harmful stereotypes, the people who are suffering the most will continue being hurt – often through physical violence.
But just because we know it’s necessary, that doesn’t make our relationship with criticism any easier.
Good and Bad Criticism
Just because criticism is essential doesn’t mean that all criticism is equal and we should listen to everyone indiscriminately.
First, we need to drawn a firm line between what’s just criticism and what’s abuse. Abuse is designed to make the storyteller feel awful rather than to inform or instruct anyone. “The story was so boring I couldn’t keep my eyes open” is harsh, but it is potentially useful information, whereas telling someone “your story is a trashfire no one will print” accomplishes nothing other than making them feel bad.
We’ve all had the experience of wanting to take a person down a notch, but there is no excuse for this behavior. It’s the communication equivalent of beating the crap out of someone, and like physically injuring someone, it can do lasting damage.
Even if your story was truly hurtful to people, you do not have to accept abuse from anyone. That doesn’t mean the people you hurt don’t have a right be angry, but you’re still a human being, not a punching bag. If the problem is important, get a friend to look at the comments and relay important points you can learn from while sheltering you from the abuse.
Next, you don’t need to read all the criticism of your works. I recommend sticking to criticism that is meant for you, not for readers or anyone else. When we do critique posts here at Mythcreants, our tone is much harsher than if we were actually editing a manuscript. Our critique posts are designed to entertain other writers while they learn a thing or two, not to give the author feedback. That’s why unless you have a heart of iron, you shouldn’t read reviews of your published works. Again, if you care, get a friend to read them for you.
Other problems with feedback can be more subtle. I used to have two people whom I couldn’t help arguing with after they gave feedback. It was never an issue with anyone else. Eventually I figured out that they were being condescending. They did not respect my expertise, and that came through in their responses. I stopped sending my stories to them. Trust your instincts, and stick with the people who give you valuable insights without making you feel uncomfortable.
Why Criticism Is So Hard to Accept
Even when criticism is constructive and gentle, it can be difficult for some storytellers to hear. For storytellers who were raised in a community that emphasized politeness over communication, any criticism can feel mean-spirited. Ask yourself: is solving a problem worth being rude? For many of us, the answer “no” is so ingrained that we may not even realize it’s there. We avoid problems as though we have no other choice. When a critic breaks the boundary of what we feel is common decency, we assume they are doing it because they must hate us or our work and not because they are trying to fix a mundane problem.
For many other storytellers, criticism feels like a threat to our careers and our identity. Storytelling takes so much work, and that work does not get done without enormous emotional investment. Many storytellers invest so much because they hope their work is exceptional. Learning that our work is just as flawed as other works can be incredibly demotivating. And for those of us who struggle every day against the feeling that we’re not good enough, negative feedback seems to confirm our worst fears.
Similarly, believing that we are free of bigotry – not racist, not sexist, not anything – is often an important aspect of our identity. Many people mistakenly think those traits mean someone’s in the KKK or part of another hate group. This creates a heavy emotional investment in believing that we would never write something racist. When our identities are challenged, it’s emotionally easier to dismiss criticisms than it is to believe them.
Unfortunately, when people feel threatened or offended by criticism, they frequently interpret criticism as more mean-spirited than it really is. This is especially true with text, which is devoid of vocal tone or body language. It becomes easy to interpret polite language as passive aggressive or a careless comment as an attack. This makes accepting feedback even harder for us.
The results are deeply ironic: the people who are the most likely to need criticism to improve are also most likely to feel vulnerable and threatened by it. So what can we do?
Can Criticism Get Easier for Us?
Every person is different. For some of us, criticism will get a lot easier; for others, it may never. However, there are a few patterns that offer hope to those who are struggling with feedback.
Feeling threatened by craft criticism is largely a factor of confidence. With additional experience and successful projects under our belts, many of us gain the confidence we need to take criticism well. Getting there is difficult, but there is a light at the end of the tunnel.
Having the right expectations can also be important. New storytellers can take criticism especially hard because they underestimate how much work goes into storytelling and overestimate their own abilities. The more problems are normalized for you – the more you expect them to appear as a regular part of the process – the less difficult it is to hear about problems in your work.
This is also essential for accepting social justice criticisms. The truth is that we all have bits of subconscious racism and sexism within us; it is not the domain of a few hateful individuals. We cannot expect to avoid hurting those who are already suffering without effort, and finding and eliminating problematic messages should be a routine part of storytelling. Once we understand how normal it is, our identity as a moral individual will feel less threatened by these critiques.
The last thing is to develop a trustworthy and educated group of people to give you feedback. Seek out people who will take the time to give you feedback in a manner that makes it possible for you to accept it. Then communicate with those people about what you need.
Providing Criticism to Other Storytellers
Knowing how to soften the blow will help you educate those who give you feedback and allow you to return the favor.
- Start with praise. A person who has trouble taking feedback is usually afraid that their work is worthless. Offering passionate and genuine praise will reassure them, making them more emotionally able to listen to the criticism that comes after. If the work is a mess, praising it can be hard, but doing so is important. Find something you genuinely like about the work. Mention a few specific things that delighted you, and then mention something you enjoyed about the work overall.
- Do not suggest changes. Unless you are an editor and the writer has asked you to act as a editor, do not suggest any revisions to the work. Simply report on your experience. Say “I was bored during the middle”; don’t say “the middle needs more action.” Suggesting changes sends a message that you, not the storyteller, know what’s best for their story. It does not show respect for the vision, effort, and skill that went into the piece.
- Use “I” language. Again, focus on your personal experience with the story. Avoid assigning negative labels to the piece itself. Do not say “the beginning was boring” or “the end was confusing.” Instead say “I was bored in the beginning” and “I got confused at the end.”
- Be clear and straightforward. Don’t use emoticons or written emotional expressions; they can be easily misinterpreted. Avoid colorful language. Do not joke.
- Be specific. Whenever you can, call attention to specific phrases in the piece that altered your experience. If you think the main character is a jerk, you might highlight lines of dialogue that seemed particularly jerky to you. This helps the storyteller hone in on specifics that might need to change. In turn, that will help prevent them from becoming overwhelmed and discouraged.
While criticism is essential to us as storytellers and as a society, that doesn’t mean we should feel obligated to ask for it every time we share our work. Sometimes we need encouragement and support more than we need constructive feedback. If you just need to hear some kind words from your favorite audience, let those people know. Anyone who’s good at finding weaknesses should also be good at finding strengths.
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Hi,
I read somewhere : print a copy for your reader, give him also 3 higlighter pens with “bored” written on the yellow one, “confused” written on the green one, and “émotional” on the pink one. The reader just has to color wherever he wants, and no more.
Pascal (thx for your blog!)
That is a wonderful suggestion. I never thought of something like that. Simple but brilliant.
Is there a way to ask for feedback without upsetting your players? I used to ask for feedback at the end of a game session, but that made one player upset and lash out. Not meanly, just in a “Stop asking, if we want to say something we will say it.” and I worry it comes off as praise seeking. Is there a way to more subtly ask?
This will vary by group of course, but in general I’ve found it’s easier to ask for feedback at the end of a campaign or major story arc rather than after each session. That way the players don’t feel pressured to come up with something to say at the end of each session.
I’ve also found it can help to give players a questionnaire to fill out instead of having the feedback in a real time discussion. That way the players aren’t biasing each other’s answers, and they feel less put on the spot. Of course, some players will see that as homework, so you’ll have to decide which approach is best.
Finally, I recommend telling your players in advance that you’ll be asking for feedback, and how you plan to ask for it. That way they won’t be taken by surprise.
“For storytellers who were raised in a community that emphasized politeness over communication, any criticism can feel mean-spirited.”
One small example of this is the difference between two internet writing communities: Wattpad & Figment (may the latter rest peacefully in internet heaven ;n;).
Figment was the very first place I started sharing my work online. It was a YA centered online community that focused on making your writing better, not just sharing it with other people. Users would often trade reviews with each other, giving developmental feedback and constructive criticism. Since I found figment first, I grew used to casually giving criticism on other people’s writing, and receiving it too.
When I found out that Figment was shutting down, I moved over to Wattpad, which has a very different community. Since it’s much bigger, I could get much more publicity for my work, and I could find stories that I like much easier too. However, I quickly learned that casual criticism isn’t as well received on Wattpad. Even pointing out a grammar mistake got me digital glares from all sides.
Even though this probably wasn’t what you were thinking of, I think it’s a good example that anyone could have experienced.
I’ve experienced a critic, or writing group “editor,” simply being wrong about a rule that a writer is supposed to follow, e.g., “Never split an infinitive” or “Never use passive voice!” — often written on a draft with a literal exclamation point. Or when the critic doesn’t understand that you can sometimes use “between” or “more” with more than two objects…. This kind of critic only understands “rules” that he was taught in gradeschool grammar class.
It can be hard to find critics who actually know what they’re talking about. If a smart writer, or editor, is offering line editing advice, then I’ll listen. If some schmuck from a writing group (or an internet rando) is offering such advice…I’ll usually pass.
The worst part about rules like not splitting infinitives, or not ending clauses with prepositions, is that they have classist roots. They didn’t come about organically in English – they were an attempt by influential prescriptivists centuries ago to make it more like Latin, a language associated with the noble and educated.
In general, English standards posted by various associations move at a glacial pace compared to English as it’s actually used. It’s why some consider ‘alright’ to be an incorrect word, despite accepting words like ‘already’, ‘almost’, and ‘always’, and despite having a more specific meaning than ‘all right’ (e.g. “Your answers were alright” and “Your answers were all right” would be understood two different ways.) In general, if there’s no particular reason given as to why something is bad English (e.g. violating rules that native speakers naturally follow in most cases), then it’s probably one of those deals.